I visited my aunt yesterday.Dün teyzemi ziyaret ettim.
She went to Paris last year.Geçen yıl Paris'e gitti.
Türkçede bu zaman -di ekiyle yapılır: gittim, yazdı. İngilizcede ise fiilin kendisi değişir (go → went) ya da -ed eklenir (work → worked).
Düzenli fiiller: -ed
| Kural | Örnek |
|---|---|
| Çoğu fiil: +ed | work → worked, play → played |
| -e ile biten: +d | live → lived, love → loved |
| Ünsüz + y: -ied | study → studied, try → tried |
| Tek ünlü + ünsüz: çiftlenir | stop → stopped, plan → planned |
-ed nasıl okunur?
| Son ses | Okunuş | Örnek |
|---|---|---|
| t, d | /ɪd/ | wanted, needed |
| Sert ünsüz (k, p, s, f, ch, sh) | /t/ | worked, stopped |
| Diğerleri | /d/ | played, lived |
Düzensiz fiiller
Düzensiz fiillerin V2 ve V3 hâlleri ezberlenir. En sık kullanılanlar:
| V1 | V2 | V3 | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | olmak |
| go | went | gone | gitmek |
| see | saw | seen | görmek |
| do | did | done | yapmak |
| have | had | had | sahip olmak |
| make | made | made | yapmak, üretmek |
| take | took | taken | almak, götürmek |
| come | came | come | gelmek |
| eat | ate | eaten | yemek |
| write | wrote | written | yazmak |
| give | gave | given | vermek |
| know | knew | known | bilmek |
| buy | bought | bought | satın almak |
| think | thought | thought | düşünmek |
Olumsuz ve soru
| Olumlu | Olumsuz | Soru | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Düzenli | I worked | I didn't work | Did you work? |
| Düzensiz | I went | I didn't go | Did you go? |
| Be | I was | I wasn't | Was I? |
Past simple ne zaman?
| Kullanım | Örnek | Türkçe |
|---|---|---|
| Belirli zaman | I saw him yesterday. | Onu dün gördüm. |
| Geçmiş alışkanlık | We played football every day. | Her gün futbol oynardık. |
| Art arda olaylar | He opened the door and left. | Kapıyı açtı ve çıktı. |
| Geçmiş durum | She lived in Izmir. | İzmir'de yaşardı. |
Zaman ipuçları
| Zarf | Örnek |
|---|---|
| yesterday | I met her yesterday. |
| last week / year | He left last week. |
| ago | I came two days ago. |
| in 2010 | They married in 2010. |
| when | When did you arrive? |
Past continuous
| Olumlu | Olumsuz | Soru |
|---|---|---|
| I was working | I wasn't working | Was I working? |
| you / we / they were working | you weren't working | Were you working? |
| he / she / it was working | he wasn't working | Was he working? |
I was sleeping when you called.Sen aradığında uyuyordum.
They were playing at 5.Saat 5'te oynuyorlardı.
İkisi birlikte: araya giren olay
Süren iş past continuous, araya giren kısa olay past simple.
was/were + V-ing (uzun) + when + V2 (kısa)
I was cooking when he arrived.O geldiğinde yemek yapıyordum.
While she was reading, the phone rang.O okurken telefon çaldı.
Eş zamanlı iki süren iş
I was cooking while he was watching TV.Ben yemek yaparken o televizyon izliyordu.
Sık yapılan hatalar
| Hata | Açıklama | Doğrusu |
|---|---|---|
| ✗ I go to school yesterday. | Geçmiş zaman gerekli | ✓ I went to school yesterday. |
| ✗ Did you went? | did + V1 | ✓ Did you go? |
| ✗ She didn't liked it. | didn't + V1 | ✓ She didn't like it. |
| ✗ I was go. | V-ing gerekli | ✓ I was going. |
| ✗ He was knowing. | Durum fiili | ✓ He knew. |